Legal Insights

Stages of a civil suit

The stages of a civil suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 run in three phases: institution (plaint to written statement), adjudication (framing of issues, evidence, judgment and decree), and execution of the decree. Each phase has fixed steps and timelines. In a 2025 ruling, the Supreme Court, in Periyammal (Dead) through LRs v.

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Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025

Immigration and Foreigners Act Last verified: 17 August 2026 The Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025 has governed the entry, stay, movement and exit of foreigners in India since 1 September 2025. It repealed four Acts running back to 1920 and raised the maximum sentence for a forged travel document to seven years. The Ministry of

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Maximum detention of an undertrial and release: Section 479 BNSS

Section 436A CrPC, now carried forward as Section 479 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, requires an undertrial to be released on bail once detention crosses one-half of the maximum sentence for the offence, and bars detention beyond the full term. First-time offenders under Section 479 qualify at one-third, but the relief does not

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Victim compensation scheme under Section 396 BNSS (earlier Section 357A CrPC)

The victim compensation scheme under Section 357A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, now Section 396 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, lets a victim or dependents claim from a State-funded scheme run through the Legal Services Authorities, even when the accused is acquitted, discharged, or never traced. Section 357 is the separate

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